Forgings and forged stock are metals and alloys that are thermomechanically pressed or forged into bars, rods, or other shapes. Forging is a metallurgical process that subjects metal parts to extreme pressures to impart high strength. Typically, metallic elements or alloys are heated and then worked. Unlike casting or foundry work, however, forging does not involve melting and pouring. Rather, forgings and forged stock are made by striking a rough or preformed shape (perform) with a forging hammer or press. The material flows under the impact into the desired shape. The result is a metal part with a very dense structure where the orientation of the grains depends upon the shape and tooling design.

Although most metals can be forged, the most commonly used materials include alloy, carbon and stainless steels; aluminum and titanium; brass, bronze, and copper; and high-temperature alloys with cobalt, molybdenum, or nickel. Each metal has specific weight and strength characteristics for particular applications. In addition to material selection, form is the most important parameter to consider. Forgings and forged stock include forged rods, forged bars, and forged plates; forged structural stock and forged structural shapes; and forged blocks and forged billets. Suppliers of forged structurals may also specialize in structural shape forging, structural stock forging, and structural forging. Catalog forgings are commonly available.

In addition to shape, forgings and forged stock can be classified according to shape and dimensions. For example, forged bars can have flat, round, square or hexagonal cross-sections. In turn, forged round bars can have a diameter ranging from 3-mm to 370-mm while flat bar stock can range from 10-mm x 3-mm or 150-mm x 25-mm. With forged sheets, the metal’s thickness or gage is an important consideration. As a rule, higher gage numbers indicate thinner metals. Forged beams designed to support loads by bending and usually horizontal. These forgings and forged stock provide high tensile strength and are wear-resistant.

Forgings and forged stock are used in applications that require components with high-integrity material properties. Examples include the aerospace, automotive, marine, rail, off-road, processing equipment, chemical and petroleum processing, and oil and gas industries. Forgings and forged stock are also used in construction, farming, mining, and tooling. Often, the dies that are used to make forgings and forged stock are also forged.

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